First Focal Plane Vs Second Focal Plane Scopes

There's a saying in the shooting world, "you can't hit what you can't see". The heart of this saying underscores the importance of a good scope. But, as you likely know, all scopes are not created equal.

Let's dive into the intricate world of First Focal Plane (FFP) and Second Focal Plane (SFP) scopes, unraveling their differences, advantages, and disadvantages, to help you choose the perfect companion for your shooting adventures.

What is a Focal Plane?

The focal plane, in layman's terms, is the location within your scope where the image of your target is brought into focus by the lens system. Picture yourself as an artist. The focal plane is your canvas where you compose and focus your shot before pulling the trigger.

As optics enthusiast and author Michael Goitein explains in his book "A Guide to Optics and Precision Shooting", "the position of the reticle relative to the magnification lens (the first or second focal plane) affects how the size of the reticle changes with magnification and therefore, the overall functioning of the scope."

Understanding First Focal Plane (FFP) Scopes

First Focal Plane scopes, or FFP as they're commonly known, are like the adaptable chameleons of the scope world. In an FFP scope, the reticle is placed in front of the magnifying lens. As you increase or decrease magnification, the reticle size changes accordingly.

Think of it this way - it's like adjusting the size of a photo on your computer screen. As you zoom in, both the image and the measurements within it increase proportionally. This change directly impacts how you perceive your target and the adjustments you need to make for accurate shooting.

The precision of FFP scopes is frequently lauded by long-range shooters. As renowned shooting instructor and author Ryan Cleckner notes in his book "Long Range Shooting Handbook", "With a first focal plane scope, the subtensions (the distance between marks on the reticle) remain the same relative to the target regardless of the magnification."

Understanding Second Focal Plane (SFP) Scopes

Switching gears, let's look at Second Focal Plane (SFP) scopes. The reticle in SFP scopes is positioned behind the magnifying lens. This placement means the reticle size remains constant, regardless of the magnification.

It's like viewing a painting in a museum. Whether you're standing close or far away, the painting itself doesn't change size; your perception of it does.

For many hunters and recreational shooters, the SFP scope's constant reticle size offers a sense of familiarity and consistency. Plus, they're typically more affordable and lighter, which is always a win in the field!

Key Differences between FFP and SFP Scopes

The battle of the focal planes boils down to a few key differences:

• Reticle size: Changes with magnification in FFP scopes but remains constant in SFP scopes.
• Holdover points: Remain accurate at all magnification levels in FFP scopes, but only at one specific magnification in SFP scopes.
• Price: FFP scopes tend to be pricier due to their complex construction.
• Weight: SFP scopes are usually lighter, making them a favorite among hunters.

Remember, neither scope type is inherently superior. It's about matching the right tool to the right job, or in this case, the right scope to the right shooter!

Advantages of First Focal Plane Scopes

So, why would one opt for an FFP scope? These scopes shine in situations that demand precision at varying distances. Long-range shooters and tactical marksmen appreciate the consistent holdover points at all magnification levels. It's like having a reliable Swiss Army Knife on a camping trip, ready to tackle whatever comes your way.

Another advantage is that an FFP scope simplifies the shooting process. There's no need to do mental gymnastics adjusting for magnification changes. According to ballistician and author Bryan Litz in his book "Accuracy and Precision for Long Range Shooting", "an FFP scope simplifies range estimation and trajectory compensation, especially when shooting at varying distances and magnifications."

Advantages of Second Focal Plane Scopes

SFP scopes are the reliable old friends of the scope world. They've been around for ages and have been a favorite among hunters and recreational shooters for their consistent reticle size and generally lighter weight.

Marksmanship trainer Keith Sanderson, an Olympian and multiple times World Champion, has said, "for most hunting and recreational shooting situations, where shots tend to be at moderate distances and the time is available to adjust the magnification, SFP scopes serve excellently."

Disadvantages of First Focal Plane Scopes

But it's not all sunshine and rainbows with FFP scopes. When you decrease magnification, the reticle can become small and challenging to see, especially in low-light conditions.

Additionally, their intricate nature means they tend to be pricier and heavier than SFP scopes. It's a bit like owning a sports car - thrilling, but requires more upkeep and costs.

Disadvantages of Second Focal Plane Scopes

And what about the cons of SFP scopes? Well, their biggest drawback is the limited precision at varying magnification levels.

Since the reticle size doesn't change with magnification, the holdover points are only accurate at one specific magnification.

Use Cases for First Focal Plane Scopes

FFP scopes are right at home in long-range shooting, precision shooting competitions, and tactical situations.

They allow for more accurate range estimation and bullet drop compensation at any magnification level, making them incredibly versatile.

Use Cases for Second Focal Plane Scopes

SFP scopes, on the other hand, excel in hunting and shooting at known distances.

Since the reticle size remains constant, they're great for maintaining a clear sight picture, especially when shooting at lower magnifications.

Factors to Consider when Choosing between FFP and SFP Scopes

Choosing between an FFP and SFP scope is all about understanding your needs. Consider your usual shooting distances, style, and the light conditions you'll encounter.

Do you need precision at long distances or consistency for medium-range shots? Consider these factors and, of course, your budget.

Final Thoughts

In the grand scheme of things, choosing between an FFP and SFP scope comes down to your personal needs and shooting conditions.

Both have their pros and cons, and the best scope is the one that fits your shooting style like a glove. It's not about which one is better, but rather which one is better for you.

Frequently Asked Questions about FFP and SFP Scopes

Can I use an SFP scope for long-range shooting?

Yes, but keep in mind that the holdover points are only accurate at a specific magnification.

Does the reticle size affect the field of view?

No, the size of the reticle doesn't affect the field of view. However, an excessively large reticle on high magnification (FFP scope) can obscure the target, and a small reticle on low magnification (also FFP scope) can be hard to see.

Which type of scope is easier to use, FFP or SFP?

It depends on your use-case. SFP scopes are simpler to use for most hunting and target shooting scenarios. But for shooting at varied distances with changing magnifications, FFP scopes simplify the process.

Why are FFP scopes more expensive?

The construction of an FFP scope is more complex, requiring precise alignment of the reticle in the first focal plane. This complexity leads to higher manufacturing costs, making FFP scopes pricier.